jimtrue.com : school : APP : APP302: Lower Body Prime Movers (LBPM)
Posted by Jim True on March 6, 2007 3:47 PM. Last Updated April 6, 2007 8:40 AM
Disclaimer for all material noted here is at the bottom of this web page.
APP302: Lower Body Prime Movers (LBPM)
Start with Knee
- Knee Joint
- Flexors (Hamstrings)
- Biceps femoris (TG 305-308) - POSTERIOR THIGH muscle, back of the thigh, femoris refers to femur and biceps means it has two heads.
| Origin | Short Head: distal half of linea aspera and the supracondylar line
Long head: ischial tuberosity |
| Insertion | Head of Fibula |
| Primary Actions | Knee Flexion/Hip Extension |
| Other Actions | NONE |
| Comments | Part of the "hamstring" muscle group, acts as PRIME MOVER for Knee Flexion, also active during hip extension. |
- Semimembranosus (p.305-308)
| Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
| Insertion | Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia |
| Primary Actions | Knee Flexion/Hip Extension |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | DEEP to semitendinosus; |
- Semitendosus (p.305-308) . Superficial to semi-membranosis
| Origin | |
| Insertion | Pes anserinus |
| Primary Actions | |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | 1 of 3 that inserts at Pes enseinus |
- Extensors (Quadriceps femoris) - common tendonous connection.
- Vastus intermedius (TG 300-304) - Vastus means wide; intermedius refers to its place between v.medialis and v.lateralis
| Origin | Anterior/lateral surfaces of proximal shaft of the femur |
| Insertion | Tibial tuberosity (by way of patellar ligament) |
| Primary Actions | Knee Extension |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | One of 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Smallest of the three vastus heads. Anti-gravity muscles, go against muscles. |
- Vastus lateralis (TG 300-304) - lateral aspect of the thigh and superficial near the knee
| Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Insertion | Tibial tuberosity |
| Primary Actions | Knee Extension |
| Other Actions | NONE |
| Comments | Chondromalacia patella, roughening of the undersurface of the patella |
- Vastus medialis (TG 300-304) - medial aspect of the thigh and becomes superficial near the knee.
| Origin | Interochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera |
| Insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Primary Actions | Knee extension |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | |
- Rectus femoris (TG 300-304) - anterior and superficial. Rectus means straight and vertical and refers to the visible line down the middle of the muscle.
| Origin | Anterior inferior iliac spine [AIIS] |
| Insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Primary Actions | Knee extension and hip flexion |
| Other Actions | None |
| Comments | Only portion of quadriceps that crosses the hip joint, making it a weak flexor that may contribute to pelvic tilt. Should also be considered as a potential cause for low back pain as well as a potential cause of hip and knee pain. |
- Foot & Ankle Joints
- Dorsiflexors of the ankle
- Tibialis anterior TG 317-372 - Muscle is also on the anterior aspect of the lower leg, just lateral to the tibia. The name refers to it's location
| Origin | Lateral condyle of tibia and the lateral surface of the proximal half of the tibia |
| Insertion | Medial and inferior surface of the base of the first metatarsal and cuneiform |
| Primary Actions | Dorsiflexion and inversion |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | Tendons that cross the ankle ANTERIORLY dorsiflex; POSTERIORLY will plantarflex; Medial will inversion; lateral will eversion. |
- Plantarflexors of the ankle
- Soleus TG 364-366
| Origin | Posterior superior fibula and the posterior medial border of the tibia |
| Insertion | Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon) |
| Primary Actions | Plantarflexion |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | |
- Gastrocnemius
| Origin | Posterior aspect of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur |
| Insertion | Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon |
| Primary Actions | Plantarflexion and knee flexion |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | "Anti-gravity" muscles. |
- Tibialis posterior TG 374-375
| Origin | Posterior tibia, posterior fibula and the interosseus membrane |
| Insertion | Behind the medial malleolus |
| Primary Actions | Inversion and plantarflexion |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | |
- Peroneus brevis
- Peroneus longus
- Inverters of the Foot
- Everters of the Foot
- Hip Joint
- Hip Flexors
- Psoas major
| Origin | Anterior surface of transverse processes of lumbar spine. |
| Insertion | Lesser trochanter of the femur |
| Primary Actions | Hip Flexion, lateral rotation of the hip |
| Other Actions | Flexion and lateral flexion of the trunk. |
| Comments | Clinically significant in low back pain and anterior pelvic tilt. |
- Iliacus (companion muscle to Psoas major)
| Origin | Almost the entire iliac fossa |
| Insertion | Lesser trochanter of the femur |
| Primary Actions | Hip flexion |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | |
- Gluteus maximus 3 of these (Maximus, Medius and Minimus)
| Origin | Posterior iliac crest and sacrum |
| Insertion | Iliotibial band (IT Band) and gluteal tuberosity of the femur |
| Primary Actions | Hip extension and lateral hip rotation |
| Other Actions | None |
| Comments | Largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles. One of the anti-gravity muscles (hip extension) |
- Pectineus - Peanut Butter Loves My Gut, determines the order they insert on the Linea aspera from superior to inferior.
| Origin | Superior aspect of superior pubic ramus |
| Insertion | |
| Primary Actions | |
| Other Actions | Hip flexion |
| Comments | |
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor magnus, hole is called the adductor hiatus (used to pass the nerves and blood vessels
- Gracilis - Most medial muscle of the 5 adductors
- Hip Abduction
- Gluteus medius p.43
| Origin | Almost entire aspect of the iliac crest |
| Insertion | Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur |
| Primary Actions | Hip abudction and medial hip rotation |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | "Hip Hike" (elevation of the hip); left abduction hikes up the right hip to allow the leg to clear the other leg in walking. |
- Tensor fascia latae p.45, Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
| Origin | Anterior portion of the outer iliac crest |
| Insertion | Anterolateral surface of lateral condyle of tibia via the iliotibial band. |
| Primary Actions | Hip abduction, hip flexion, and medial hip rotation. |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | |
- Sartorius - Sartorius is latin for tailor since this is the muscle that allows us to sit cross legged which is how tailor's used to sit when sewing.
| Origin | ASIS |
| Insertion | Pes anserinus |
| Primary Actions | Hip Flexion, knee flexion |
| Other Actions | Lateral hip rotation, hip abduction |
| Comments | Longest muscle |
- Piriformis - pear shaped
- Gluteus minimus
- Abdominal group
- Rectus abdominis (TG 215-218) - Muscle is named for it's fiber orientation and location. Straight up and down and on the abdominals.
| Origin | Pubic crest and symphysis |
| Insertion | 5th to 7th ribs and xiphoid process |
| Primary Actions | Trunk flexion and lateral flexion of the trunk. |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | Hypotonicity contributes to increased lordotic curve and anterior pelvic tilt. White line - linea albea. (white line) |
- External oblique (TG 215-218) - Most superficial. named for its location and fiber orientation. Serratus anterior interdigitates with external obliques. True point of insertion is the linea alba through the recvtus sheath.
| Origin | Outer surfaces of 5th to 12th rib |
| Insertion | Linea alba via the rectus sheath, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of the iliac crest. |
| Primary Actions | Trunk flexion and contralateral trunk rotation. |
| Other Actions | Lateral trunk flexion. |
| Comments | |
- Internal oblique (TG 215-218) - name named for location and fiber orientation. Oblique means the fibers generally run at a 45 degree angle.
| Origin | Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3rds of the iliac crest, and lateral half of inguinal ligament. |
| Insertion | 10th to 12th ribs and the linea alba via the rectus sheath. |
| Primary Actions | Trunk flexion, ipsilateral trunk rotation |
| Other Actions | lateral trunk flexion |
| Comments | |
- Erector Spinae Group (TG 202-205) - named for it's action and location. Group of 3 muscles
| Origin | Sacrum, posterior ilium, lumbar vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae and ribs. |
| Insertion | |
| Primary Actions | |
| Other Actions | |
| Comments | Spinalis, Longissimus and Illiocostalis.
Iliocostalis - Illium to the ribs.
Longissimus - sacrum to the head. Insertions along the way on the ribs
Spinalis - along the vertebrae. - Most medial.
|
- Quadratus lumborum - REALLY REALLY deep. Named for rectangular shape and location. Nickname is 'hip hike' muscle because of it's action in lifting the hip.
| Origin | Posterior half of the inner surface of the iliac crest |
| Insertion | Transverse processes of L1-L4 and the medial half of ribe 12 |
| Primary Actions | Elevation of the ilium |
| Other Actions | Lateral trunk flexion |
| Comments | |
Disclaimer: These are MY notes taken from classroom lectures while I'm in the classroom. While I'm perfectly happy to share my notes with my classmates and I know I take very good notes, you should still make every effort to attend the class and TAKE YOUR OWN NOTES. I will not transcribe everything the instructor says in the classroom, and I will NEVER post pre-exam reviews. My notes will not replace the value of actually attending class and taking your own class notes.I also cannot attest to their accuracy, other than they are what was provided in the lecture; you should not reference my notes as "expert opionion" by any means, and if you notice an error or omission, please do me the favor of e-mailing me with the correction and I will re-post my notes. End of Disclaimer.